It is a simple device to get fresh distilled water from impure water, using solar energy as fuel, for its various applications in domestic and industrial sectors. It shows you historical moonshine stills for different types of liquors. Thermal modeling and efficiency of solar water distillation. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still, concentrator coupled single.
Solar still efficiency n is the amount of energy utilized in vaporizing water in the still over the amount of incident solar energy on the still q t in jm2 day. Periodic theory of solar still nayak 1980 international. The solarstill process uses the sun instead of other sources such as fossil fuels to gain the energy needed for purification. The performance of a conventional solar distillation system can be predicted by various methods, such as computer simulation, periodic and transient analysis, iteration methods, and numerical methods. A single slope basin type solar still is fabricated with inner dimensions of mm x 500mm effective area 0. Omar 2011, used active solar single slope solar still using different operational parameters like different insulation thickness, solar intensity, effective absorptivity and transmissivity theoretically and compared with experimental. Monthly and annual performances of passive and active solar stills were studied for five weather stations. Passive stills, then, vary widely due to this one constraint and can be further organized into subclasses.
Economic feasibility evaluation of solar distillation. The pump is powered by a goal zero solar generator. In designing solar stills, it is important that these criteria be fully respected. A solar still is a green energy product that uses the natural energy of the sun to purify water. Review of the productivity of various types of solar stills. Thus, the minimum amount of additional solar energy incident on the solar still due to the external reflector is 0. A classification of the solar still systems was made in order to explain the types of solar still systems. An easily made and robust solar still can practically meet any contingency in wilderness survival, compared to highcost and delicate solar thermal materials, for example, plasmonic metals, carbon nanotubes, or graphenebased materials. In a solar still, impure water is contained outside the collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight shining through clear plastic. Solar still definition is a small device originally designed for army and navy fliers forced down in the sea that converts salt water or contaminated water into drinking water by vaporization by the suns rays and condensation. Performance improvement of a passive solar still in a water.
A solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat of the sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient air to cool a condenser film. Humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. Solar stills for desalination of water in rural households. Solar water distillation safe drinking water foundation. Two basic types of solar stills are box and pit stills. Numerical computations were carried out for hourly variations of average insolation at the chermai, jodhpur, kolkata, mumbai and new delhi stations. The concept of integrating the stepped solar still along with inclined flat plate collector is introduced in this research work. Inspired by rice plants with high transpiration, we develop. The analysis was based on the quasisteadystate condition.
Mar 30, 2014 a solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat of the sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient air to cool a condenser film. Make your own distilled water from stream or lake water, salt water, or even brackish, dirty water, using these diy solar still plans. A schematic diagram of typical basin type solar still is shown in figure 1. Conventional solar stills rely solely on the sun to distill water, however their complexity could still reach that of active stills, if not other more intricate desalination methods. Unlimited viewing of the articlechapter pdf and any associated supplements and figures. In a solar still, impure water is contained outside the collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight shining through clear plastic or glass.
Singlebasin stills have been much studied and their. Pdf developments in solar still desalination systems. Wick type, w shape and l shape of solar stills were designed on the basis of solar declination angle, slope of collector and available insolation. Aug 22, 2018 the sun evaporates dirty water which is then cooled and collected in pure form. New innovation of low cost solar still 1s h sengar, 1y p khandetod, 1a g mohod abstract different solar stills were developed and evaluated for comparison with other solar stills available in market. Pdf design and analysis of solar still researchgate. Solar stills solar still is possibly the oldest method of desalination of water.
Researchers have taken efforts to make different designs of solar still for higher distillate yield and inferred that wicktype solar stills are effective and efficient. Pdf experimental investigation on the performance of four. This paper presents a periodic analysis for estimating the distillate output of a single. Researchers have taken efforts to make different designs of solar still for higher distillate yield and inferred that. There are also other types of solar stills that have been evolved, such as multistage flash distillation stills and solar concentrator stills.
This study aims at improving a solar distillation still by comparing the performance of four types of double slope single basin solar stills to produce adequate amount of potable water in the areas with confined fresh water. These studies show that a passive solar still with pcm shows a productivity improvement of up to 120% compared with a solar still. An overview of solar stills and capillary solar stills are discussed in this article. Performance improvement of a passive solar still in a. Pdf experimental investigation on the performance of. A project report on solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in mechanical engineering from rajasthan technical university, kota session 2012 guided by. Solar stills are the most widely analyzed desalination systems. Centre of energy studies and department of physics, indian institute of technology, new delhi. The solar still process uses the sun instead of other sources such as fossil fuels to gain the energy needed for purification. Flow through system was applied to the meb and stepped system to reduce brine formation inside the solar still. Phase change materials pcms for improving solar still. Theres a great deal of knowhow which had to go into the process for producing each. Its relation with energy and exergy efficiency is also studied.
Particulars symbol design parameter of solar still 1 solar declination angle. Though solar distillation is a simple method, productivity seems to be low due to the large thermal capacity and consumption of time. Solar radiation is the input energy of the passive solar stills, but the efficiency of the system is low. Solar stills aston publications explorer aston university. This thermal process is an efficient solution to pure water scarcity in the world.
Solar stills are then able to supply pure water for drinking and cooking, even in areas where. It has been inferred that the distillate yield is increased by 33. There are many types of solar still, including large scale concentrated solar stills and condensation traps better known as moisture traps amongst survivalists. One common use for a solar collector is to provide residential hot water, but they can also provide warm air for home heating or even superheat materials for electricity generation. With just a few basic building materials, a sheet of glass. One common use for a solar collector is to provide residential hot water, but they can also provide warm air for home heating or even superheat materials for electricity.
This paper presents the latest numerical studies on various types of solar stills including single slope, double slope, multieffect, tubular and so. There are three types of parameters affecting the efficiency of a passive solar still. Productivity enhancement of solar still with pv powered heating. Solar distillation systems can be classified as passive and active.
The study was conducted based on two types of stills, one a solar still with thermally insulated walls on both sides and the other without insulated walls. Solar energy is available, free cost and nonextinguishing in nature. In each solar still a stainless steel basin with the length of 50 cm, width of 30 cm and depth of 8 cm was utilized. Solar still is the one of the cost effective method of producing pure water using solar distillation. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still. The sun evaporates dirty water which is then cooled and collected in pure form. It has been tried to evaluate the economic feasibility of solar stills using this modified model for passive solar stills, for which the unit cost of desalination of saline water and payback period are estimated. Details of design calculations for even type solar still. A broad classification of the solar stills is depicted above. Solar collectors are devices that capture the suns heat to perform tasks, as opposed to photovoltaic panels that use the suns light. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. But the yield of this is low and falls in the range of 3 4litres per day per square metre 7. In this work a stepped solar still is used to enhance the productivity of the solar still. Sep 17, 2012 make your own distilled water from stream or lake water, salt water, or even brackish, dirty water, using these diy solar still plans.
There are many types of solar still, including large scale concentrated solar stills, and condensation traps better known as moisture traps amongst. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report 1. Day after day, we see headlines showing the growth of solar photovoltaic energy across the globe, from china to india to germany to the united states. Solar stills are being used in countries where potable water is not readily available. Therefore, there is a strong need to enhance the efficiency of a traditional single slope solar. The heart of capillary still is a fabric woven or nonwoven which facilitates rapid evaporation of water at minimum heating. Comparative study of innovative solar still modifications. Lecture 3 types of solar cells experiment 3 generations generation 1.
Chennai, jodhpur, kolkata, mumbai and new delhi in india. What are the different types of solar stills exist. Design and performance analysis of a modified vacuum. In the last few years, many researchers were interested in the sea water and brackish water desalination using solar energy.
As opposed to other types of solar stills which feature electronics, photovoltaic cells, tubes, filters, many parts, etc. For the contribution history and old versions of the redirected page, please see. In fact, there are many types of solar stills, some of them. Aug 26, 20 fan assisted solar desalination would only really be useful if a particular level of output is needed but the area occupied by the stills is restricted, as fan assistance can enable the area occupied by a still to be reduced for a given output. Desalination systems are of two broad types, based upon either thermal distillation or membrane separation. Among these climatic parameters are uncontrollable as they depend. Full biomassderived solar stills for robust and stable. These objectives aim to guarantee that the solar still can be easily adopted and employed. One of such upgraded version is capillary stills, which are gaining popularity for their high output. Previous studies on enhancing the productivity of active and passive solar stills with pcm are also presented. You can also see how the stills varied based upon whether you were making whiskey or vodka, rum, or gin. In this stepped type solar still, a conventional basin of area 1 m 2, was placed at the bottom. Solar still definition of solar still by merriamwebster. A solar still distills water, using the heat of the sun to evaporate, cool then collect the water.
Solar distillation is a more simple way to make use of solar energy but still requires certain materials to make the stills, such as glass and cement. There are different types of survival solar stills or vapor stills. Typical efficiencies for single basin solar stills approach 60 percent. Its principle of operation is the greenhouse effect. Desalination, distillation,solar energy, solar still, sea water, efficiency, electrical. General mathematical modeling methodology of solar stills and some mathematical modeling.
Unlike many artificial methods of purifying water, solar stills use solar energy to purify water. The minimum amount of additional solar energy incident on the solar still due to the external reflector is 0. Solar steam generation is considered to be a promising strategy for sustainable clean water supply. New innovation of low cost solar still european center of. Single and polycrystalline silicon growth, impurity diffusion, contacts. Design options many different types of solar distillation systems were researched. There are several types of solar stills, the simplest of which is the single basin still. Attempts have been made to increase the efficiency and productivity by preheating the saline water in solar stills.
Types of solar energy whether you want to build your own solar panels or are interested in finding solar energy grants so you can finance a professional to do a full installation for you, the first step is to understand what the different types of solar energy are. Aug 14, 2012 humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. The monthly performance of passive and active solar stills for different indian climatic conditions was evaluated. Its fascinating to see what the oldtimers used to make their product. Some designs reduce this impact by using earth to construct the main body of the solar still so the overall impact is minimal.
Design and performance analysis of a modified vacuum single. The rising demand for solar power is fueling advances in research and development of solar pv technology. Comparatively more distilled water was obtained from the solar still having an area of 1m2 fabricated in fiber or metal body with glass. The reservoir is a black barrel which aids in preheating the water that enters the solar still basin. These studies show that a passive solar still with pcm shows a productivity improvement of up to. Study on stepped type basin in a solar still sciencedirect. Previous work on solar stills by researchers in the open lit. Experimental investigation on the performance of four types of solar stills in malaysia. The obtained purified water is potable safe for drinking and cooking.